Fonte: http://www.ncld.org/types-learning-disabilities/adhd-related-issues/adhd/adhd-brain-differences
«There are biological reasons why kids with ADHD don’t learn or behave like their peers. Here’s a look at how the ADHD brain is structured and functions compared to the non-ADHD brain.
Area of the brain | What it does | How it looks in the non-ADHD brain | How it looks in the ADHD brain |
| Frontal lobe | Controls focus, concentration, decision making and the ability to filter distractions. Also handles executive functions like organization and planning. | Works effectively. | Is underactive and up to 10 percent smaller in size than in a non-ADHD brain. |
| Mid-cortex (brain’s gray matter) | Is associated with controlling movement and paying attention. | Thickens and matures by age 7 or 8. | Thickens and matures by age 9 or 10. |
| Prefrontal cortex | Is linked to impulsivity, self-control, attention and activity level. | Uses the brain chemical dopamine effectively to do its job. | Doesn’t use dopamine effectively and/or uses too little. This area is also smaller than in the non-ADHD brain. |
| Neural network in the temporal lobe | Is the brain “wiring” system that carries messages telling the brain how to control movement, thought processes, speech, etc. Also processes auditory information. | Performs stop/go tasks at a normal rate—like in the game “Red Light, Green Light.” | Performs both “stop” and “go” tasks slower than in a non-ADHD brain. Kids are slower to “go” and are unable to “stop” effectively. |
| Reticular activating system (RAS) | Connects outside signals to signals in the brain using the brain chemical norepinephrine. These connections help with processing information, paying attention to a specific task and regulating self-control. | RAS works correctly, sending signals and norepinephrine to the area. That action releases the chemical dopamine, which controls the attention center of the brain. | RAS is overactive or underactive due to too much or too little norepinephrine, so the brain releases too much or not enough dopamine. The brain also has fewer cells in this area, which reduces the connections the brain makes. |
Understanding that behaviors like hyperactivity and impulsivity are caused by a medical condition can make it easier to parent a child with ADHD. Among the many ways you can help are by making some changes at home and seeking accommodations at school.
Amanda Morin is an education and parenting writer who uses her experience as an early interventionist and teacher to inform her writing. Her work appears on many parenting websites and she is the author of two books, including The Everything Parent’s Guide to Special Education.»
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